Связь цифрового компонента обучения и развития детей дошкольного и школьного возраста: обзор исследований и международных образовательных практик

Актуальность исследования обусловлена распространением онлайн-обучения и отсутствием научно обоснованных критериев для анализа и конструирования новых образовательных программ. В статье представлен обзор международных исследований, посвященных следующим темам: влияние интернета на психическое развитие и академические результаты детей 5-12 лет; взаимосвязь использования инструментов цифрового обучения и формирования компонентов развития когнитивной и коммуникативной сферы; влияние цифрового компонента обучения на академические достижения учащихся; обучение детей основам программирования с целью формирования у них вычислительного мышления. В результате библиометрического анализа баз научного цитирования были выделены статьи, связанные с цифровой трансформацией дошкольного и начального обучения. Число таких статей за период с 2000 по 2020 г. для Scopus составило 1709, а для Web of Science 984. На основе анализа встречаемости ключевых слов в записях были выделены кластеры взаимосвязанных понятий. Три кластера для Web of Science связаны с сетью интернет, игровыми обучающими приложениями и вычислительным мышлением. В дальнейшем мы проанализировали 60 источников, наиболее полно представляющих указанные три кластера. Выводы: большинство исследований строится на сравнении значимости психолого-педагогического эффекта традиционного обучения и обучения с использованием цифровых технологий. Противоречивые данные о влиянии цифровых сред на образовательные результаты говорят о том, что разработка психолого-педагогической типологии механизмов онлайн-обучения, которая бы учитывала особенности взаимодействия ребенка, учителя и цифровой среды, носит актуальный характер.

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