Осведомленность сербских подростков о репродуктивном здоровье

Охрана репродуктивного здоровья подростков является важной социальной проблемой: кардинальные физические изменения, вызванные половым развитием, и вступление в сложную сферу биологических, психофизиологических, душевных и эмоциональных переживаний – всё это серьёзно осложняет жизнь подростков. Целью исследования было изучение осведомленности подростков о репродуктивном здоровье, наследственных заболеваниях и болезнях, передающихся половым путем, а также выявление источников информации, на которые учащиеся опираются в этой области. Инструментом исследования послужил опросник из 20 пунктов, который был распространен среди 207 подростков в возрасте 13 и 14 лет (учащиеся 7-го и 8-го классов), обучающихся в одной начальной школе в городе Шид (Сербия). Результаты показывают, что семья, сверстники и интернет-источники играют важную роль в информировании учащихся о репродуктивном здоровье. Исследование свидетельствует, что подростки в возрасте 13 и 14 лет не знакомы даже с основными фактами о сексуальности человека и его репродуктивном здоровье. Очевидный недостаток знаний у подростков является разрушительным и может иметь негативные последствия для их репродуктивного здоровья и самочувствия в целом. Согласно исследовательской литературе, половое воспитание имеет наибольшее влияние, если молодые люди приобретают его до начала половой жизни.

1. Anderson, N., Steinauer, J., Valente, T., Koblentz, J., & Dehlendorf, C. (2014). Women’s Social Communication About IUDs: A Qualitative Analysis. Perspectives on Sexual and Reproductive Health, 46(3), 141–148. https://doi.org/10.1363/46e1814

2. Bearinger, L. H., Sieving, R. E., Ferguson, J., & Sharma, V. (2007). Global perspectives on the sexual and reproductive health of adolescents: patterns, prevention, and potential. The Lancet, 369(9568), 1220–1231. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(07)60367-5

3. Bjekić, M. D., Vlajinac, H. D., Šipetić, S. B., & Marinković, J. M. (2004). Characteristics of sexual behaviour among teenagers in Belgrade. Medicinski Pregled, 57(11–12), 592–596. https://doi.org/10.2298/MPNS0412592B

4. Brieger, W. R., Delano, G. E., Lane, C. G., Oladepo, O., & Oyediran, K. A. (2001). West African youth initiative: outcome of a reproductive health education program. Journal of Adolescent Health, 29(6), 436–446. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1054-139X(01)00264-6

5. Chane, T., & Cherie, N. (2018). Parent-adolescent communication about sexual and reproductive health and associated factors among preparatory school students in Haiyk Town, North East Ethiopia. Research in Medical & Engineering Sciences, 5(2), 417–423. https://doi.org/10.31031/RMES.2018.05.000606

6. Dorocki, M., Radulović, B., Stojanović, M., & Gajić, O. (2022). Impact of blended learning approach on students’ achievement and mental effort. Canadian Journal of Physics, 100(3), 193–199. https://doi.org/10.1139/cjp-2019-0602

7. Ege, E., Akin, B., Can, R. K., & Ariöz, A. (2011). Knowledge and practices about sexual and reproductive health in university students. Sexuality and Disability, 29(3), 229–238. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11195-011-9205-9

8. Eisenberg, M. E., Sieving, R. E., Bearinger, L. H., Swain, C., & Resnick, M. D. (2006). Parents’ communication with adolescents about sexual behavior: a missed opportunity for prevention? Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 35(6), 893–902. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10964-006-9093-y

9. Epstein, M., & Ward, L. M. (2008). “Always use protection”: Communication boys receive about sex from parents, peers, and the media. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 37(2), 113–126. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10964-007-9187-1

10. Gillmore, M. R., Chen, A. C., Haas, S. A., Kopak, A. M., & Robillard, A. G. (2011). Do family and parenting factors in adolescence influence condom use in early adulthood in a multiethnic sample of young adults? Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 40(11), 1503–1518. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10964-011-9631-0

11. Goesling, B., Colman, S., Scott, M., Cook, E., & Trends, C. (2014). Impacts of an Enhanced Family Health and Sexuality Module of the HealthTeacher Middle School Curriculum. Mathematica Policy Research.

12. Guilamo-Ramos, V., & Bouris, A. (2008). Parent-Adolescent Communication about Sex in Latino Families: A Guide for Practitioners. The National Campaign to Prevent Teen and Unplanned Pregnancy.

13. Higgins, J. A. (2017). Pregnancy ambivalence and long-acting reversible contraceptive (LARC) use among young adult women: a qualitative study. Perspectives on Sexual and Reproductive Health, 49(3), 149–156. https://doi.org/10.1363/psrh.12025

14. Jerman, P., & Constantine, N. A. (2010). Demographic and psychological predictors of parent– adolescent communication about sex: A representative statewide analysis. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 39(10), 1164–1174. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10964-010-9546-1

15. Kisker, E. E., & Brown, R. S. (1996). Do school-based health centers improve adolescents’ access to health care, health status, and risk-taking behavior? Journal of Adolescent Health, 18(5), 335–343. https://doi.org/10.1016/1054-139X(95)00236-L

16. Lear, J. G., Gleicher, H. B., Germaine, A. S., & Porter, P. J. (1991). Reorganizing health care for adolescents: the experience of the school based adolescent health care program. Journal of Adolescent Health, 12(6), 450–458. https://doi.org/10.1016/1054-139X(91)90022-P

17. Lefkowitz, E. S., Boone, T. L., & Shearer, C. L. (2004). Communication with best friends about sexrelated topics during emerging adulthood. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 33(4), 339–351. https://doi.org/10.1023/B:JOYO.0000032642.27242.c1

18. Mijatović-Jovanović, V., Ukropina, S., Kvrgić, S. T., & Šurković-Nićiforović, O. (2004). Sexual Behaviour of Adolescents. Medicinski Pregled, 57(3–4), 116–119. https://doi.org/10.2298/MPNS0404116M

19. Miljanović, T., Savić Filipović, D., & Pribićević, T. (2012). How much do elementary school students learn and know about sexuality and how to bring these contents closer to them as best as possible. In O. Gajić (Ed.), The Quality of Education System in Serbia from European Perspective: Proceedings. Faculty of Philosophy.

20. Moore, E. W., Smith, W. E., & Folsom, A. R. (2012). F.O.R.E.play: the utility of brief sexual health interventions among college students. Journal of American College Health, 60(2), 175–177. https://doi.org/10.1080/07448481.2011.584336

21. Niland, R., Flinn, C., & Nearchou, F. (2024). Assessing the role of school-based sex education in sexual health behaviours: a systematic review. Cogent Psychology, 11(1), 2309752. https://doi.org/10.1080/23311908.2024.2309752

22. Official Gazette of the Republic of Serbia, No. 2/2008.

23. Official Gazette of the Republic of Serbia, No. 6/2009.

24. Pavlica, T., Janjić-Gajšin, S., Čila, V., & Gabor, S. (2014). Attitudes and knowledge towards reproductive health and sexual maturation among secondary school students in Vojvodina. Journal of the Anthropological Society of Serbia, 49, 93–102. https://doi.org/10.5937/gads1449093P

25. Radovanović, S., Kocić, S., Šorak, M., & Milić, Č. (2010). Attitudes and behavior of students related to reproductive health. Medicinski Pregled, 63(11–12), 859–862. https://doi.org/10.2298/MPNS1012859R

26. Radulović, B., Gajić, O., Španović, S., & Lungulov, B. (2019). Challenges of initial teacher education in the context of higher education reform in Serbia. Education and Self-Development, 14(3), 34–39. https://doi.org/10.26907/esd14.3.04

27. Radulović, B., Jovanović, T., Gadušová, Z., Hašková, A., & Pavera, L. (2022). Mentor’s perception of the future science teacher’s teaching practice. Journal of Education Culture and Society, 13(1), 145–155. https://doi.org/10.15503/jecs2022.1.145.155

28. Sedlecki, K., Marković, A., & Rajin, G. (2001). Zdravstveni aspekt seksualnosti kod adolescenata [Medical aspects of adolescent sexuality]. Srpski arhiv za celokupno lekarstvo, 129(5-6), 109–113.

29. Shiferaw, K., Getahun, F., & Asres, G. (2014). Assessment of adolescents’ communication on sexual and reproductive health matters with parents and associated factors among secondary and preparatory schools’ students in Debremarkos town, North West Ethiopia. Reproductive Health, 11(1), 2. https://doi.org/10.1186/1742-4755-11-2

30. Speizer, I. S., Magnani, R. J., & Colvin, C. E. (2003). The effectiveness of adolescent reproductive health interventions in developing countries: a review of the evidence. Journal of Adolescent Health, 33(5), 324–348. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1054-139X(02)00535-9

31. Stanković, B. (2007). Socijalni uticaji i reproduktivno zdravlje adolescenata [Social Influences and Reproductive Health of Adolescents]. Sociološki Pregled, 41(3), 327–350. https://doi.org/10.5937/socpreg0703327S

32. Ward, L. M. (1995). Talking about sex: Common themes about sexuality in the prime-time television programs children and adolescents view most. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 24(5), 595–615. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01537058

33. World Health Organization. (2001). WHO regional strategy on sexual and reproductive health, Copenhagen, Denmark, November 2001. WHO Regional Office for Europe. https://iris.who.int/handle/10665/107372