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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">kvmolur</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Образование и саморазвитие</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Education and Self-Development</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1991-7740</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Казанский (Приволжский) федеральный университет</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.26907/esd.21.2.11</article-id><article-id custom-type="edn" pub-id-type="custom">VGMVBL</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">kvmolur-245</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Статьи</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Метапознавательная регуляция решения задач детьми: сравнение старших дошкольников и первоклассников</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Metacognitive Regulation of Problem-Solving in Children: A Comparison of Older Preschoolers and First-Graders</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9815-9049</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сиднева</surname><given-names>Анастасия Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sidneva</surname><given-names>Anastasia</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">asidneva@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7410-9127</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Баянова</surname><given-names>Лариса Ф.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bayanova</surname><given-names>Larisa</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">balan7@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6199-4649</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ощепкова</surname><given-names>Екатерина С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Oschepkova</surname><given-names>Ekaterina</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">maposte06@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7710-9608</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Можаровский</surname><given-names>Игорь Л.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Mozharovsky</surname><given-names>Igor</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">mozharovsky@bk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Московский государственный университет имени М.В. Ломоносова</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Lomonosov Moscow State University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральный научный центр психологических и междисциплинарных исследований</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Federal Scientific Center for Psychological and Interdisciplinary Research</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>06</day><month>07</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>21</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>156</fpage><lpage>168</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Сиднева А.Н., Баянова Л.Ф., Ощепкова Е.С., Можаровский И.Л., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Сиднева А.Н., Баянова Л.Ф., Ощепкова Е.С., Можаровский И.Л.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Sidneva A., Bayanova L., Oschepkova E., Mozharovsky I.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://kvmolur.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/245">https://kvmolur.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/245</self-uri><abstract><p>В последние годы все больший интерес вызывают исследования метапознавательной регуляции в детском возрасте, однако из-за недостаточных рефлексивных возможностей детей этих исследований не так много. Цель работы – выявить особенности метапознания при решении задач у первоклассников в сравнении со старшими дошкольниками. В исследовании приняли участие 138 детей (50,7 % мальчиков), из которых 63,8 % старших дошкольников (средний возраст 65,28 месяцев) и 36,2 % первоклассников (средний возраст 90,98 месяцев), посещающих государственные детские сады и школы г. Москвы и г. Казани. Для оценки метапознания использовалась методика, в которой дети отвечали на вопросы после решения задачи сборки узора из кубиков по образцу. Оценивались сформированность метазнания (осознание стратегии и факторов, влияющих на решение задач) и метарегуляции (оценка успешности и трудности). Результаты показали, что у первоклассников лучше, чем у дошкольников, сформирована метарегуляция. По сформированности метазнания первоклассники значимо не отличались от дошкольников. Однако есть основания говорить о различиях по метазнанию о стратегии: на уровне тенденции первоклассники чаще выделяют свою стратегию как фактор, повлиявший на успешное решения задачи, и эта стратегия чаще формулируется в терминах способов действий. Результаты позволяют предположить, что метакогнитивная регуляция формируется раньше, чем метакогнитивное знание, а ключевым фактором её развития является переход в школу, где способы действий становятся предметом целенаправленного формирования.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>In recent years, research on metacognition in childhood has attracted increasing interest; however, due to children’s limited reflective abilities, such studies remain few. This study aims to identify features of metacognition during problem-solving in first-graders compared to older preschoolers.</p><p>Participants included 138 children (50.7 % boys), of whom 63.8 % were older preschoolers (Mage=65.28 months) and 36.2 % were first-graders (Mage=90.98 months), attending public kindergartens and schools in Moscow and Kazan. Metacognition was assessed using a procedure, in which children answered questions after solving a block pattern assembly task from a model. The evaluation targeted metacognitive knowledge (awareness of strategy and factors affecting performance) and metacognitive regulation (evaluation of success and difficulty). First-graders demonstrated betterdeveloped metacognitive regulation than preschoolers. Regarding metacognitive knowledge, first-graders did not differ from preschoolers overall. However, evidence suggests differences in metacognitive knowledge about strategy: at a trend level, first-graders were more likely to identify their strategy as a factor influencing successful task completion, and this strategy was more often articulated in terms of methods of action. The findings suggest that metacognitive regulation develops earlier than metacognitive knowledge, and that the transition to school – where methods of action become the object of targeted instruction – is a key factor in its development.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>метапознание</kwd><kwd>метарегуляция</kwd><kwd>старшие дошкольники</kwd><kwd>младшие школьники</kwd><kwd>первоклассники</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>metacognition</kwd><kwd>metaregulation</kwd><kwd>older preschoolers</kwd><kwd>primary school children</kwd><kwd>firstgraders</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа выполнена при финансовой поддержке Российского научного фонда (РНФ), проект № 24-18-00437, тема проекта «Факторы и эффекты развития чувства юмора у детей»</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Алмазова, О. 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