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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">kvmolur</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Образование и саморазвитие</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Education and Self-Development</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1991-7740</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Казанский (Приволжский) федеральный университет</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.26907/esd.20.4.07</article-id><article-id custom-type="edn" pub-id-type="custom">MNYCHG</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">kvmolur-189</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Статьи</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Кто выбирает STEM-профессии? Профессиональные предпочтения и психологические особенности учащихся</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Who Chooses STEM? Career Preferences and Psychological Characteristics of Students</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5096-4313</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Исматуллина</surname><given-names>Виктория И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ismatullina</surname><given-names>Victoria</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">victoria2686@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8559-9790</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Табуева</surname><given-names>Анна О.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Tabueva</surname><given-names>Anna</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">anntabueva@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3786-7447</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Малых</surname><given-names>Сергей Б.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Malykh</surname><given-names>Sergey</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">malykhsb@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Российская академия образования</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Russian Academy of Education</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>16</day><month>01</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>20</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>90</fpage><lpage>104</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Исматуллина В.И., Табуева А.О., Малых С.Б., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Исматуллина В.И., Табуева А.О., Малых С.Б.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Ismatullina V., Tabueva A., Malykh S.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://kvmolur.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/189">https://kvmolur.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/189</self-uri><abstract><p>Статья посвящена изучению предпочтений в выборе STEM-профессий (S – science, T – technology, E – engineering, M – mathematics) и психологических особенностей учащихся, склонных к такому выбору. Следует отметить, что, несмотря на всё возрастающий спрос современного технологического общества на STEM-специалистов, в последнее десятилетие во всем мире наблюдается снижение интереса молодых людей к этим профессиям. Для того чтобы преодолеть эту тенденцию, необходимо понять её причины, что предполагает изучение психологических особенностей учащихся, выбирающих STEM-профессии. Результаты показали, что по показателям как когнитивных, так и не когнитивных характеристик учащиеся, выбирающие STEM-профессии, значительно отличаются от учащихся, выбирающих другие профессии. Исследование также демонстрирует, что юноши чаще предпочитают профессии, связанные со STEM-областями, чем девушки: 70,5% и 49,2% соответственно. Низкая представленность и заинтересованность девушек в STEM-областях, а также малая информированность молодежи об этих сферах деятельности ставит конкретные практические задачи организации профориентационной работы в системе образования. Авторами рассмотрен ряд практических мер по изменению сложившейся ситуации.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The article is devoted to the study of preferences in choosing STEM fields (S – science, T – technology, E – engineering, M – mathematics) and psychological characteristics of students who prefer these areas as a future profession. It should be noted that despite the ever-increasing demand of modern technological society for STEM specialists in the last decade, there has been a decrease in the interest of young people in these professions all over the world. In order to overcome this negative trend, it is necessary to understand the causes of this phenomenon, including the study of the psychological characteristics of students choosing STEM professions. The results showed that in terms of both cognitive and non-cognitive characteristics, students choosing STEM professions differ significantly from students choosing other professions. The study also showed that young men more often (70.5%) prefer professions related to STEM fields than girls (49.2%). Low representation and interest of girls in STEM fields, as well as low awareness of young people about these fields pose important practical tasks for organizing career guidance work in the education system. The authors examined a number of practical measures to change the current situation.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>предпочтения в выборе профессии</kwd><kwd>профориентация</kwd><kwd>высокотехнологичные профессии</kwd><kwd>информированность молодежи</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>preferences in choosing professions</kwd><kwd>career guidance</kwd><kwd>high-tech professions</kwd><kwd>youth awareness</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа выполнена при финансовой поддержке Российского научного фонда в рамках научного проекта №24-18-01102 «Когнитивные предикторы выбора высокотехнологичных направлений подготовки высшего образования: прогностическая модель».</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Головизнина, А. Т. 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