kvmolurОбразование и саморазвитиеEducation and Self-Development1991-7740Казанский (Приволжский) федеральный университет10.26907/esd.19.1.12SNTVWTkvmolur-124Research ArticleСтатьиНавыки как результат обучения предпринимательству в России: спрос и предложениеSkills as a Result of Entrepreneurship Training in Russia: Supply and Demandhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-3910-2090СорокинП. С.SorokinP.

Москва

Moscow

psorokin@hse.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-7468-1898ЧерненкоС. Е.ChernenkoS.

Москва

Moscow

schernenko@hse.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-3529-8893ВятскаяЮ. А.VyatskayaY.

Москва

Moscow

yumatyunenko@hse.ruНИУ Высшая школа экономикаРоссияNational Research University – Higher School of EconomicsRussian Federation202430092025191159174Copyright © Сорокин П.С., Черненко С.Е., Вятская Ю.А., 20252025Сорокин П.С., Черненко С.Е., Вятская Ю.А.Sorokin P., Chernenko S., Vyatskaya Y.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://kvmolur.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/124

Ключевая цель исследования заключается в выявлении и соотнесении навыков, необходимых предпринимателю, и навыков, которые определены ведущими образовательными программами по предпринимательству в формальном и неформальном секторах России. Авторы рассматривают навыки с помощью двух подходов: теории человеческого капитала, включая различение общего и специфического капитала, и концепции, предложенной М. Добряковой и И. Фруминым, которая предполагает различение трех типов образовательных результатов: компетентность мышления, компетентность взаимодействия с другими людьми и компетентность взаимодействия с собой. Эмпирический материал статьи базируется на выборке из 82 респондентов, имеющих опыт предпринимательской деятельности и опыт обучения предпринимательству в рамках девяти образовательных программ в России. Данные были собраны методом полуструктурированных интервью.В результате исследования удалось выявить разрыв между навыками, которые необходимы предпринимателям, и навыками, полученными по программам обучения предпринимательству. У респондентов более выражен запрос на общий человеческий капитал, тогда как полученное ими образование фокусировалось прежде всего на развитии специфического капитала. Среди общего человеческого капитала у респондентов наиболее заметен запрос на компетентность взаимодействия с собой (навыки саморегуляции, контроля над собой и пр.). Также востребованы, как важные для практики, навыки коммуникации и навыки работы с риском. Выявленные результаты говорят о необходимости существенного совершенствования программ обучения предпринимательству с учетом спроса на навыки со стороны практики.

The article looks at the two dimensions of skills, namely skills that entrepreneurs need and skills that can be obtained as a result of entrepreneurship education. The authors consider skills using two approaches: the Human Capital theory including the distinction between general and specific capital, and the typology by Dobryakova and Froumin which involves the distinction of three types: competence of thinking, competence of interaction with other people, and competence of interaction with oneself. The empirical material is based on a unique sample of respondents who have both entrepreneurial experience and experience in entrepreneurship education in one of the programs in Russia. The empirical base of the study consists of 82 semi-structured interviews with respondents from 9 educational initiatives aimed at entrepreneurship education. The data was collected using the method of semi-structured interviews.The authors have identified a gap between the skills that entrepreneurs need and the skills acquired in entrepreneurship education programs. Respondents have a more pronounced demand for general human capital, while their experience in education was focused primarily on the development of specific capital. Respondents have a request for general skills, for example, for competence in interacting with themselves (self-regulation skills, self-control), but they are taught more specific skills: accounting skills, programming skills, the skill of building/describing a business model. The results indicate the need for significant improvement of entrepreneurship education programs in order to more fully take into account the practical demand for skills.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.